Biofertilizer and Renewable Energy

Daffodil International University Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Faculty of Health and Life Sciences B. Sc. (Hons.) in Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Midterm Examination Fall 2026 Course Code: 0512-2201 Course Title: Biofertilizer and Renewable Energy Level and Term: L-2-T-2 Section: 252 (A+B) Course Teacher Initials: KMH Time: 1 Hour 30 Minutes Total Marks: 25 1 (a) What is biofertilizer? Classify biofertilizers based on their functional types citing examples. [CLO1, PLO2, C4] 2.5 (b) Illustrate 'Legumes: Nodulation and Crop Specificity' and 'Field Application Methods'. [CLO1, PLO2, C2] 2.5 2 (a) What are the sources of nitrogen in agricultural soil? Illustrate the nitrogen cycle. [CLO2, PLO2, C2] 2.5 (b) Explain how the soil and climatic factors affect nitrogen fixation. Illustrate 'symbiotic nitrogen fixation'. [CLO1, PLO2, C2] 2.5 3 (a) State the methods used to investigate the mechanism of action of nitrogenase. Outline the integrated mechanism of biological nitrogen fixation. [CLO1, PLO2, C2] 2.5 (b) Mention the procedure for the isolation and establishment of a pure culture of Azotobacter. List the molecular and genomic methods used to identify Azotobacter. [CLO2, PLO2, C4] 2.5 4 (a) Explain the methods used to identify Frankia and evaluate its symbiotic effectiveness. [CLO1, PLO2, C5] 2.5 (b) Organize the inoculant formulations and carrier selection procedures for Rhizobium. [CLO2, PLO2, C3] 2.5 5 (a) Explain the procedures for strain selection and culture maintenance in Azotobacter. List the methods of soil application and the establishment of Azotobacter. [CLO1, PLO2, C2] 2.5 (b) Justify the use of Azospirillum as a biofertilizer. Discuss the methods used for strain selection and inoculant design in Azospirillum. [CLO1, PLO2, C5] 2.5