Cytology

Daffodil International University Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Faculty of Health and Life Sciences B. Sc. (Hons.) in Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Midterm Examination Fall 2026 Course Code: 0512-2103 Course Title: Cytology Level and Term: L-2, T-1 Section: 253 (A+B) Course Teacher Initials: HKC Time: 1 Hour 30 Minutes Total Marks: 25 Marks 1. (a) Define cytology. How do you connect cytology and molecular sciences? [CLO1, PLO2, C1] 3 (b) Illustrate the cell theory. What is protoplasm theory? [CLO1, PLO2, C2] 2 2. (a) How do you relate the cellular organelles and molecular biology. [CLO1, PLO2, C1] 3 (b) Simplify the cell, chromosome, DNA, gene with a proper diagram? [CLO1, PLO2, C4] 2 3. (a) Construct a brief discussion on the structural abnormalities of chromosomes. [CLO1, PLO2, C3] 4 (b) Briefly explain the chromosome banding pattern. [CLO1, PLO2, C2] 1 4. (a) What is karyotyping? Briefly discuss the process with figures and mention clinical significance. [CLO1, PLO2, C1] 3 (b) Explain and relate the modern cytogenetics with molecular biology and genomics. [CLO1, PLO2, C2] 2 5. (a) Recommend the first sight chemistry of chromosomes which relate molecular sciences. [CLO1, PLO2, C5] 3 (b) Discuss briefly on the Philadelphia chromosome, CML and some acute lymphoblastic leukemias. [CLO1, PLO2, C6] 2